How Do Oral Contraceptives Work?
Oral contraceptives prevent pregnancy primarily by inhibiting ovulation. The synthetic hormones, estrogen and progestin, suppress the release of gonadotropins, which are hormones responsible for the growth and release of eggs from the ovaries. By preventing ovulation, there is no egg available for fertilization. Additionally, oral contraceptives thicken the cervical mucus, making it more difficult for sperm to enter the uterus and reach an egg. They also alter the endometrial lining, reducing the likelihood of a fertilized egg implanting. Understanding these mechanisms helps individuals use these contraceptives effectively and manage any side effects.